George Charles Wallich

George Charles Wallich (* 16. November 1815 in Kalkutta; † 31. März 1899 in London) war ein britischer Militärarzt und Ozeanograf. Sein offizielles botanisches Autorenkürzel lautet „G.C.Wall.“.

Wallich war das erste Kind von Nathaniel Wallich und dessen zweiter Frau Sophia Collings. Er besuchte das King’s College in Aberdeen und studierte anschließend an der University of Edinburgh Medizin. Dort graduierte er 1836 zum Doktor der Medizin (M.D.). Im folgenden Jahr wurde Wallich Lizenziat des Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

1838 ging er zurück nach Indien und wurde Assistenzarzt („assistant surgeon“) in der Indischen Armee. Wallich nahm an den Satluj- und Punjab-Feldzügen von 1842 und 1847 teil und fungierte als Feldarzt während des Santal-Aufstands von 1855/1856. Während seines Militärdienstes besuchte Wallich einmal England. Zwischen Februar und Juni 1850 reiste er mit der Prince of Wales von Kalkutta nach Portsmouth. Er verließ Portsmouth wieder am 20. August 1851 und erreichte Kalkutta Mitte Dezember 1851.^[1] Während dieses Aufenthaltes heiratete er am 19. Juni 1851 Caroline Elizabeth Norton († 1916). Mit ihr hatte er vier Söhne und vier Töchter. Wallich wurde am 3. Februar 1857 krankgeschrieben und schied erst am 1. September 1859 offiziell aus der Armee aus.^[2]

1898 wurde er mit der Linné-Medaille der Linnean Society of London ausgezeichnet.^[3]

Als Botaniker befasste George Charles Wallich sich mit den Algen (Foraminiferen).

Bücher

• Notes on the presence of animal life at vast depths in the sea; with observations on the nature of the sea bed as bearing on submarine telegraphy. Taylor and Francis, London 1860 (Digitalisat).
• The North-Atlantic sea-bed; comprising a diary of the voyage on board H.M.S. Bulldog, in 1860, and observations on the presence of animal life, and the formation and nature of organic deposits, at great depths in the ocean. John Van Voorst, London 1862 (Digitalisat).
• Eminent men of the day. John Van Voorst, London 1870 (Digitalisat) – Fotografien.
• Deep-sea researches on the biology of Globigerina. John Van Voorst, London 1876 (Digitalisat).

Zeitschriftenbeiträge

• Experiments tending to prove that the venous circulation is dependent on a vital act. In: Delhi medical journal. Band 1, 1844, S. 270–272.
• On Triceratium and some new allied forms, with figures of the same. In: Quarterly journal of microscopical science. Band 6, 1858, S. 242–254 (Digitalisat).
• On microscopic objects collected in India. In: The Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Neue Folge, Band 6, 1858, S. 81–85 (Digitalisat).
• On the nature of the deep-sea bed, and the presence of animal life at vast depths in the ocean. In: Notices of the Proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution. Band 3, 1862, S. 299–306 (Digitalisat).
• On apparatus for dredging at moderate depths in the deep sea, and for capturing floating objects from shipboard. In: Quarterly journal of microscopical science. Band 7, 1859, S. 1–4 (Digitalisat).
• Observations on the distribution and habits of the pelagic and freshwater free-floating Diatomaceae. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 5, 1860, S. 1–20 (Digitalisat).
• On the markings of the Diatomaceae in common use as test-objects. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 5, 1860, S. 122–130 (Digitalisat).
• Descriptions of Desmidiaceae from Lower Bengal. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology.
  • 3. Folge, Band 5, 1860, S. 184–197 (Digitalisat).
  • 3. Folge, Band 5, 1860, S. 273–285 (Digitalisat).
• Results of soundings in the North Atlantic. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 6, 1860, S. 457–458 (Digitalisat).
• On the siliceous organisms found in the digestive cavities of the Salpae, and their relation to the flint nodules of the chalk formation. In: The Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Neue Folge, Band 8, 1860, S. 36–55 (Digitalisat).
• On the developement and structure of the Diatom-valve. In: The Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Neue Folge, Band 8, 1860, S. 129–145 (Digitalisat).
• On the existence of animal life at great depths in the sea. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 7, 1861, S. 396–399 (Digitalisat).
• Remarks on some novel phases of organic life, and on the boring powers of minute Annelids, at great depths in the sea. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 8, 1861, S. 52–58 (Digitalisat).
• Improved method of making microscopic sections. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 8, 1861, S. 58–59 (Digitalisat).
• Further observations on some novel phases of organic life at great depths in the sea. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 9, 1862, S. 30–31 (Digitalisat).
• On an undescribed indigenous form of Amoeba. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 11, 1863, S. 287–291 (Digitalisat).
• On the structure of the valves of Pleurosigma and other Diatoms. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 11, 1863, S. 351–365 (Digitalisat).
• Further observations on an undescribed indigenous Amoeba, with notices on remarkable forms of Actinophrys and Difflugia. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 11, 1863, S. 365–371 (Digitalisat).
• On the value of the distinctive characters in Amoeba. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 12, 1863, S. 111–151 (Digitalisat).
• Further observations on the distinctive characters and reproductive phenomena of the Amoeban Rhizopods. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 12, 1863, S. 329–337 (Digitalisat).
• Survey of the physical condition of the Atlantic sea-bed, with special regard to the establishment of telegraphic communication be tween Europe and America. In: Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London. Band 7, Nr. 2, 1863, S. 53–57 (doi:10.2307/1799528).
• The structure and habits of Physalia. In: The Intellectual observer: Review of natural history, microscopic research and recreative science. Band 2, 1863, S. 362–368 (Digitalisat).
• On the process of mineral deposit in the Rhizopods and Sponges, as affording a distinctive character. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 13, 1864, S. 72–82 (Digitalisat).
• On the extent, and some of the principal causes of structural variation among the Difflugian Rhizopods. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 3. Folge, Band 13, 1864, S. 215–245 (Digitalisat).
• The deep-sea bed of the Atlantic and its inhabitants. In: The Quarterly journal of science. Band 1, 1864, S. 36–44 (Digitalisat).
• On the structure and affinities of the Polycystina. In: The Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Neue Folge, Band 13, 1865, S. 57–84 (Digitalisat).
• Coccoliths and Coccospheres. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 4. Folge, Band 2, 1868, S. 317–319 (Digitalisat).
• On Physalia and certain Scombroid (?) fish which are frequently associated with it in tropical and subtropical seas. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 4. Folge, Band 3, 1869, S. 8–10 (Digitalisat).
• Reply to Dr. E. P. Wright’s Observations on dredging. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 4. Folge, Band 3, 1869, S. 50–52 (Digitalisat).
• Observations on the Thalassicollidae. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 4. Folge, Band 3, 1869, S. 97–102 (Digitalisat).
• On the vital functions of the deep-sea Protozoa. In: Monthly microscopical journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. Band 1, 1869, S. 32–41 (Digitalisat).
• On some undescribed Testaceous Rhizopods from the North Atlantic deposits. In: Monthly microscopical journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. Band 1, 1869, S. 104–110 (Digitalisat).
• Note on Desmidiaceae of Greenland. In: Monthly microscopical journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. Band 1, 1869, S. 130 (Digitalisat).
• On the Rhizopoda as embodying the primordial type of animal life. In: Monthly microscopical journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. Band 1, 1869, S. 228–235 (Digitalisat).
• On the true nature of the so-called “bathybius,” and its alleged function in the nutrition of the Protozoa. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 4. Folge, Band 16, 1875, S. 322–339 (Digitalisat).
• On the relation between the development, reproduction, and markings of the Diatomaceae. In: Monthly microscopical journal: Transactions of the Royal Microscopical Society, and record of histological research at home and abroad. Band 17, 1877, S. 61–81 (Digitalisat).
• On the fundamental error of constituting Gromia the type of foraminiferal structure. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 4. Folge, Band 19, 1877, S. 158–174 (Digitalisat).
• Observations on the coccosphere. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 4. Folge, Band 19, 1877, S. 342–350 (Digitalisat).
• On Rupertia stabilis, a new sessile foraminifer from the North Atlantic. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 4. Folge, Band 19, 1877, S. 501–504 (Digitalisat).
• Are the desmids and diatoms simple cells? In: Popular Science Review. Band 16, 1877, S. 130–142 (Digitalisat).
• On the Radiolaria as an order of the Protozoa. In: Popular Science Review.
  • Band 17, 1878, S. 267–281 (Digitalisat).
  • Band 17, 1878, S. 368–382 (Digitalisat).
• A contribution to the physical history of the cretaceous flints. In: The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London. Band 36, 1880, S. 68–91 (Digitalisat).
• The threshold of evolution. In: Popular Science Review. Band 19, 1880, S. 143–155 (Digitalisat).
• On the origin and formation of the flints of the upper or white chalk; with observations upon Prof. Sollas’s paper in ‘The Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ for December 1880. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 5. Folge, Band 7, 1881, S. 162–204 (Digitalisat).
• On siliceous sponge-growth in the cretaceous ocean. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 5. Folge, Band 7, 1881, S. 261–263 (Digitalisat).
• Supplementary notes on the flints and the lithological identity of the chalk and recent calcareous deposits in the ocean. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history. 5. Folge, Band 8, 1881, S. 46–58 (Digitalisat).
• Note on the detection of Polycystina within the hermetically closed cavities of certain nodular flints. In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. 5. Folge, Band 12, 1883, S. 52–53 (Digitalisat).

Ältere

• Obituary. Surgeon-Major George Charles Wallich, M.D., L.R.C.P. Edin. In: Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society for the year 1899. London 1899, S. 263–264 (Digitalisat).
• Surgeon-Major G. C. Wallich, M.D. In: Nature. Band 60, 1899, S. 13 (Digitalisat, doi:10.1038/060013a0).
• George Charles Wallich, M.D., L.R.C.P. Edin., Surgeon-Major, Indian Medical Service (retired). In: The Lancet. 8. April 1899, S. 997 (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)68544-1).
• Obituary notice of the late Dr. George C. Wallich. In: Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Band 21, 1900, S. 222–224 (Digitalisat).

Moderne

• Donald J. McGraw: Bye-Bye Bathybius: The Rise and Fall of a Marine Myth. In: Bios. Band 45, Nr. 4, 1974, S. 164–171 (JSTOR:4607257).
• Daniel Merriman: Wallich, George Charles. In: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Band 14, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2008, S. 145–146.
• A. L. Rice, revised: Wallich, George Charles (1815–1899). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Hrsg.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38100 (Lizenz erforderlich), Stand: 2004.
• A. L. Rice, Harold L. Burstyn, A. G. E. Jones: G. C. Wallich M.D. – megalomaniac or mis-used oceanographic genius? In: Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. Band 7, Nr. 4, 1976, S. 423–450 (doi:10.3366/jsbnh.1976.7.4.423).

1. ↑ A. L. Rice, Harold L. Burstyn, A. G. E. Jones: G. C. Wallich M.D. – megalomaniac or mis-used oceanographic genius? In: Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. Band 7, Nr. 4, 1976, S. 424.
2. ↑ A. L. Rice, Harold L. Burstyn, A. G. E. Jones: G. C. Wallich M.D. – megalomaniac or mis-used oceanographic genius? In: Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History. Band 7, Nr. 4, 1976, S. 448.
3. ↑ Albert Günther: [Gold Medal of the Socienty.] In: Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Band 110, Oktober 1898, S. 29–30 (online).

• Autoreneintrag für George Charles Wallich beim IPNI
• 15 Fotografien (Albuminabzüge) von Wallich